A multi-meter that correctly reads DCC volts and amps....
Question is about DCC... ordinary meter not accurate.
As per debugging, a proper meter AND proper debugging techniques are both needed.
The major thing people do wrong is not test under load.
I have a page dedicated to techniques on finding and debugging problems with track power, too much to retype here.
Greg Elmassian web site on large scale trains and garden railroads, cigars, and computers
elmassian.com
Greg