Here is a helpful diagram showing three basic types of funiculars. The earliest ones were four rail (two track) funiculars, but they are the costliest to build because rails are expensive, they take up a lot of space, and they need double stations. More advanced three rail funiculars are less expensive but a little harder to build because they require a passing switch. The least expensive is the modern two rail funicular. They use less iron rails, don’t need double stations, and occupy less real estate, but have the harder to build passing switch. This unique type of funicular was invented in 1890 by Swiss engineer Carl Roman Abt (1850–1933) for the Giessbach Hotel funicular which is still in operation. It was made possible by his innovative and revolutionary ABT passing switch - the only railroad switch without any moving parts! Abt called it the “automatic turnout” solution. It became an instant success and most funiculars constructed afterwards use the ABT design to this day.
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Abt turnouts under these cars. Must get a shot sometime, of the turnout without the cars on them.
This is a two rail system as shown in the diagram. Because it is a double flange system, there was no need for the usual 1 in 20 slant of the rail on the sleeper. The car manufacturer specified an unusual 12" radius rail head (9" radius is more common). I was tasked with 'finding' a suitable rail and fastenings for this system, which I did, and drew up the 'plain track' plan.
This system, opened in 1978, replaced the earlier two track one, which was a 'true' San Francisco type, with the addition of a tail rope, which made it into a funicular hybrid system. The car going down would grip the cable in the normal manner, and the car going up would be towed along for the ride. The main cable would only run when cars needed to to run. You knew it was time to board when the rope started up.
Preserved original car. In addition to the normal system, this also had an added Fell rail brake.