I think this is going to be one of those threads that goes on and on!
It depends......
Are you on DCC or Analogue?
How long is the run?
Do you use fishplates (rail joiners), rail clamps or are you soldered?
I run DCC, have a (currently) 250' end to end run and use rail clamps. One feed usually works completely fine, but I usually have a connection at each end and maybe one in the middle, to guard against any potential voltage drop. These are, at present, temporary. When all is finished and I have the loop, plus the end terminus, and maybe a return loop - it SHOULD all work with just one connection. However other will tell you that you need a bus wire running all the way round with feeds every few feet and soldered joints!
...now that was no help at all, was it?