Synchronous
In general, synchronous (pronounced SIHN-kro-nuhs, from Greek
syn-, meaning "with," and
chronos, meaning "time") is an adjective describing objects or events that are coordinated in time. In information technology, the term has several different usages.
1) In telecommunication signaling within a network or between networks, synchronous signals are those that occur at the same clock rate when all clocks are based on a single reference clock. (
Plesiochronous signals are almost but not quite in synchronization and
asynchronous signals are those that run from different clocks or at a different transition rate.)
2) In program-to-program communication, synchronous communication requires that each end of an exchange of communication respond in turn without initiating a new communication. A typical activity that might use a synchronous protocol would be a transmission of files from one point to another. As each transmission is received, a response is returned indicating success or the need to resend. Each successive transmission of data requires a response to the previous transmission before a new one can be initiated.
Synchronous program communication is contrasted with
asynchronous program communication.
Asynchronous
In general, asynchronous (pronounced ay-SIHN-kro-nuhs, from Greek
asyn-, meaning "not with," and
chronos, meaning "time") is an adjective describing objects or events that are not coordinated in time. In information technology, the term has several different usages.
1) In telecommunication signaling within a network or between networks, an asynchronous signal is one that is transmitted at a different clock rate than another signal. (
Plesiochronous signals are almost but not quite in synchronization - and a method is used to adjust them - and
synchronous signals are those that run at the same clock rate.
2) In computer programs, asynchronous operation means that a process operates independently of other processes, whereas synchronous operation means that the process runs only as a result of some other process being completed or handing off operation. A typical activity that might use a synchronous protocol would be a transmission of files from one point to another. As each transmission is received, a response is returned indicating success or the need to resend. Each successive transmission of data requires a response to the previous transmission before a new one can be initiated.